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—employed for a purpose phrase in advance of a proper noun to distinguish the situation on the referent from a regular, former, or hypothetical situationWithin the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨a⟩ is utilized for the open front unrounded vowel, ⟨ä⟩ is employed for the open up central unrounded vowel, and ⟨ɑ⟩ is utilized for the